天津市高等院校“高职升本科”招生统一考试大学英语考试大纲
一、考试性质与目标
天津市高等院校“高职升本科”招生统一考试是由合格的高职高专毕业生参加的选拔性考试。高等院校根据考生的成绩，按照已确定的招生计划，德、智、体全面衡量，择优录取。因此，考试应该具有较高的信度、效度、适当的难度和必要的区分度。
英语学科旨在考查考生在语言知识、语言技能、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等素养整合发展基础上的综合语言运用能力，特别是用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析和解决问题的能力以及跨文化交际能力。
二、考试内容与能力要求
考生对英语知识和技能的掌握应达到普通高校在校生非英语专业二年级的水平，同时满足进入本科院校继续学习的基本要求。具体如下：
（一）语言知识
1. 掌握并能运用基本的语法结构和句型以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录）；
2. 词汇要求：掌握3500左右常用单词及500左右习惯用语和固定搭配。
（二）语言运用
1．阅读
能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的语篇以及请柬、通知、公告、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息，完成不同的阅读任务。具体包括：
（1）理解、捕捉文中具体信息；
（2）根据上下文识别指代关系；
（3）根据上下文推断生词的词义；
（4）根据所读内容作出简单的推理和判断；
（5）理解所读内容的主旨；
（6）理解所读内容的篇章结构；
（7）理解作者的意图、基本观点和态度；
（8）识别不同文体的特征。
2．翻译
根据题目要求，完成一般性话题的中英文互译任务。其中，英译汉部分中，考生应能在正确理解文章内容的基础上将部分句子译成通顺的汉语；汉译英部分中，考生应能在个别英语词汇的提示下将汉语句子译成通顺的英语。
3．写作
根据题目要求完成简单的书面表达任务。考生应能：
（1）写出常见体裁的应用文；
（2）描述人物或事件，并进行评论；
（3）根据文字提纲或图表提供的信息写短文或报告；
（4）正确有效地运用所学语言知识，清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达思想，做到语句通顺，结构完整，文体规范。
三、考试方式及试卷结构
（一）考试方式
考试为闭卷、笔试，试卷满分为150分，考试限定用时为90分钟。
（二）试卷内容、题型及分值
试卷分为第I卷和第II卷两部分。第I卷包含词汇与语法、完形填空、阅读理解三部分，为客观性试题，满分95分；第II卷包含英译汉、汉译英及写作三部分，为主观性试题，满分55分。
具体的题型、题量、分值为：
|
部 分 |
题 型 |
题 量 |
分 值 |
|
I |
词汇与语法 |
10 |
20分 |
|
II |
完形填空 |
15 |
30分 |
|
III |
阅读理解 |
15 |
45分 |
|
IV |
英译汉 |
5 |
15分 |
|
V |
汉译英 |
5 |
15分 |
|
VI |
写作 |
1 |
25分 |
（三）题型说明
1．词汇与语法
该部分为单项选择题；每小题为一句或两句留有空白的不完整的句子，要求考生在所给的四个选项中，根据特定的语境、语法和词汇知识选出可填入句中空白处的最佳选项。
2．完形填空
该部分为单项选择题；为考生提供一篇200-250词左右的英语短文。文中留出15个空白，文后为每个空白处留有四个可供选择的词或词组，要求考生在通读全文、领会大意的基础上，从备选词或词组中选出一个最佳选项。
3．阅读理解
该部分为单项选择题；试卷呈现A、B、C三篇短文，每篇文长300词左右。题材涉及人物传记、社会历史文化知识、日常生活常识以及科普介绍等。其中A、B两篇每篇短文后设5个问题，每个问题有四个备选答案，要求考生根据短文内容，选出一个正确答案。在C篇文章中，文内留出5句空白，文后为5个空白提供7个可供选择的句子，要求考生在通读全文、领会大意的基础上，从7个备选句中选出5个符合文章结构、语意内容及逻辑的选项。（可参照所附题型示例）
4．英译汉
该部分为主观性试题；为考生提供一篇200词左右的短文，要求考生在阅读理解的基础上将文内画线的句子翻译成通顺的汉语。
5．汉译英
该部分为主观性试题；为考生提供5个独立的中文句子及某些汉字或短语的英文提示，要求考生根据英文表达习惯及相关英文提示词，将中文句子译成通顺的英语。
6．写作
该部分为主观性试题；要求考生按照题目要求写一篇不少于100词的英语短文。题目的呈现方式可以为：中（英）文提纲、图片、图表等。
（四）试题难易比例
较容易题 约40%
中等难度题 约40%
较难题 约20%
四、参考书目
《天津市高等院校“高职升本科”招生统一考试大学英语复习指南》，天津市教育招生考试院组编，天津人民出版社，2012年版。
五、题型示例
Part I. Grammar and Vocabulary (20 points)
Directions: There are 15 sentences, each with a blank. Under each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read the sentences and the choices carefully and then choose the one that best completes the sentence.
1. Jack bought ______ useful book. ______ book is also very interesting.
|
A. an; The |
B. a; The |
C. an; A |
D. a; A |
答案: B
2. The reason for your failure in the examination is ______ you didn’t work hard enough.
|
A. that |
B. why |
C. which |
D. because |
答案: A
Part II. Cloze Test (30 points)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read the passage carefully and choose the one that fits right into the passage.
Men have traveled ever since they first appeared on the earth. In primitive times they did not travel for pleasure but to 1 new places where their herds could feed, or to find more 2 climates. They traveled on foot. Their journeys were long, tiring, and often 3 . They protected themselves with simple tools such as wooden sticks or stone clubs, and by lighting fires at night and, 4 all, by keeping together.
Being intelligent and creative, they soon 5 easier ways of traveling. They 6 on the backs of their domesticated animals; they hollowed out tree 7 and, by using bits of wood as paddles, were able to travel across water.
Later they traveled, not 8 necessity, but from the joy and excitement of seeing and experiencing new things. This is the main 9 why we travel today.
Traveling, of course, has now become a highly organized business. There are cars and splendid roads, express trains, huge ships and jet planes, all of 10 provide us with comforts and security. This sounds wonderful,
11 there are difficulties. If you want to go 12 , you need a passport and a visa, tickets, luggage, and many other things. If you lose any of them, your journey may be 13 .
Scientists have invented machines that can explore 14 space. Eventually there will be cheap-way excursions to the moon and people will be able to fly from one 15 to another in little arrow-shaped tubes.
|
1. A. visit |
B. explore |
C. see |
D. use |
|
2. A. humid |
B. warm |
C. cold |
D. favorable |
|
3. A. pleasant |
B. dangerous |
C. comfortable |
D. cheerful |
|
4. A. above |
B. after |
C. at |
D. in |
|
5. A. gave |
B. discovered |
C. changed |
D. improved |
|
6. A. drove |
B. moved |
C. ran |
D. rode |
|
7. A. branches |
B. logs |
C. trunks |
D. bushes |
|
8. A. for |
B. with |
C. from |
D. without |
|
9. A. cause |
B. reason |
C. goal |
D. purpose |
|
10. A. that |
B. these |
C. which |
D. those |
|
11. A. because |
B. since |
C. but |
D. moreover |
|
12. A. outside |
B. abroad |
C. inside |
D. home |
|
13. A. hurt |
B. injured |
C. spoiled |
D. destroyed |
|
14. A. outer |
B. out |
C. extra |
D. open |
|
15. A. continent |
B. state |
C. ship |
D. planet |
答案: 1. B 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. A
9. B 10. C 11. C 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D
Part III. Reading Comprehension (45 points)
Directions: There are following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Throughout the world, every night children and their elders are “talking” online—many of them are talking at the same time. If you have been joining in the chat room conversations, you might have become one of the millions who write in a special, short form of English.
It’s fast: it allows you to talk to six people at once. It’s convenient: you can use three or four words per exchange. It takes cleverness, concentration and quick fingers. And it requires very simple language. There’s neither time nor space for explanations. Why bother to press the keys telling six friends you have to leave for a moment to take care of your little brother when BRB (=be right back) will do? Want to enter a conversation? Just type PMFJI (=pardon me for jumping in). Interested in whom you’re talking to? Type A/S/L, the common request to know your net pal’s age, sex and location. You may get 15/M/NY as a reply from your pal. If something makes you laugh, say you’re OTF (=on the floor), or LOL (=laughing out loud), or join the two into ROTFL (=rolling on the floor laughing). And when it’s time to get back to work or go to bed, you type GTG (=got to go) or TTYL (=talk to you later).
People want to write as fast as possible, and they want to get their ideas across as quickly as they can. Capital（大写的）letters in sentences are left in the dust, except when expressing feelings, as it takes more time to hold down the “shift” key and use capitals. Punctuation（标点）is going, too.
1. According to paragraph 1, online chatting allows people in the world to ______.
|
A. learn millions of words |
|
B. pick out things to buy |
|
C. talk at the same time |
|
D. find out funny things |
2. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean?
|
A. People have to communicate in a funny way. |
|
B. People have to express themselves in a proper way. |
|
C. People have to communicate in a logical way. |
|
D. People have to express themselves in a simple way. |
3. An answer“19/M/HK”to your A/S/L question means ______.
|
A. a 19-year-old boy from Hong Kong |
|
B. a boy being online for 19 minutes |
|
C. being in Hong Kong for 19 months |
|
D. 19 boys from Hong Kong |
4. Which of the following is a way to save time when chatting online?
|
A. Using less short forms of English. |
|
B. Using less capital letters or punctuations. |
|
C. Coming up with ideas as quickly as possible. |
|
D. Using the “shift” key when sending e-mails. |
5. What is this passage mainly about?
|
A. A special form of English online. |
|
B. A special form of chatting room. |
|
C. A new function of the Internet. |
|
D. A new function of computers. |
答案：1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. A
C
Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable sentence from A-G for each blank. There are two extra sentences which you do not need.
A. Nearly everything they study at school has some practical use in their lives,
B. Nowadays most children go to school but few of them have ever asked why they go there.
C. But why do they learn these things?
D. Therefore we don’t need to learn any more after we have finished our studies at school.
E. They go to school to learn how to learn.
F. Nowadays most children like to go to school.
G. So even after we have left school, we have to continue to learn.
|
|
Some children think that they go to school just to learn their mother tongue, English and other foreign languages, mathematics, geography, history, science and a few other subjects. Are these the only things they should learn at school?
|
Actually children go to school to prepare themselves for the time when they will be grown up and will have to support themselves. but there is one more important reason why children go to school.
|
|
There is more to education than just learning facts. We go to school above all to learn how to learn. Learning is not just for school but for life. A man who really knows how to learn will always be successful because whenever he is faced with a completely new task of problem, he will teach himself how to deal with it in the best way. Therefore, children do not go to school just to learn languages, mathematics, geography, etc.
答案：1. B 2. C 3. A 4. G 5. E
Part IV. English-Chinese Translation (15 points)
Directions: Read the following passage and then translate the five English sentences marked ①②③④⑤ into Chinese.
In every country of the world, there are people who like to collect stamps. Young people and old people, presidents and kings collect stamps. ①It is one of the most popular hobbies in the world.
②Stamp collecting started soon after the first stamp was made. Stamp collectors soon began trading stamps with each other. ③They began to buy and sell the ones that were hard to find.
Many people collect only stamps with pictures of other places. ④Some collect stamps that come from only one country. Others collect stamps that show only birds or animals. You might collect only stamps that are all the same color.
⑤No matter what kind of stamps you collect, stamp collecting can be fun.
答案：
1．这是世界上最流行的爱好之一。
2．第一枚邮票出现后不久邮票收藏就开始了。
3．他们开始购买、销售很难找到的邮票。
4．有些人只收集一个国家的邮票。
5．无论你收集什么种类的邮票，集邮都是很有意思的事。
Part V. Chinese-English Translation (15 points)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English with the help of the English word or phrases provided.
1. 你如果采纳了我的劝告，就不会犯这样的错误。(take somebody’s advice)
答案：
If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake.
Part VI. Writing (25 points)
Directions: You are supposed to write a composition on the topic “On the Factors Contributing to Finding a Job”. You should write no less than 100 words in three paragraphs and you should base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese.
1. 专业知识与技能等因素；
2. 良好的个人素质如诚实、守信、合作精神等因素；
3. 你的结论。
附 录
I. 语音项目表
1．基本读音
（1）26个字母读音
（2）英语国际音标符号的读音
（3）基本元音和辅音的读音
（4）单词的基本读音规则
2．重音
（1）单词重音
（2）句子重音
3．意群和语句的读音
（1）连读和失去爆破
（2）语调与节奏
II. 语法项目表
1．名词
2．代词
3．数词
4．介词和介词短语
5．冠词
6．连词
7．形容词
8．副词
9．动词
（1）系动词
（2）行为动词
（3）助动词
（4）情态动词
10．时态
（1）一般现在时
（2）一般过去时
（3）一般将来时
（4）现在进行时
（5）过去进行时
（6）过去将来时
（7）将来进行时
（8）将来完成时
（9）现在完成时
（10）过去完成时
（11）现在完成进行时
11．被动语态
12．非谓语动词
（1）动词不定式
（2）动词的-ing形式
（3）动词的-ed形式
13．构词法
（1）合成法
（2）派生法
14．句子种类
（1）陈述句
（2）疑问句
（3）祈使句
（4）感叹句
15．句子成分与基本句型
16．主谓一致
17．并列复合句
18．主从复合句
（1）宾语从句
（2）状语从句
（3）定语从句
（4）主语从句
（5）表语从句
（6）同位语从句
19．直接引语与间接引语
20．省略
21．倒装
22．强调
23．虚拟语气
III．交际功能项目表1．问候与道别（Greeting and saying goodbye）
2．引荐与介绍（Introducing oneself and others）
3．感谢与道歉（Expressing thanks and making apologies）
4．预约与邀请（Making appointments and invitations）
5．祝愿与祝贺（Expressing wishes and congratulations）
6．求助与提供帮助（Asking for and offering help）
7．赞同与反对（Expressing agreement and disagreement）
8．接受与拒绝（Accepting and rejecting）
9．劝告与建议（Giving advice and making suggestions）
10．表扬与鼓励（Praising and encouraging）
11．指令与要求（Giving instructions and making requests）
12．禁止与警告（Prohibiting and warning）
13．询问与提供信息（Seeking and offering information）
14．情感表达（Expressing feelings and emotions）
15．讨价还价（Bargaining）
IV． 话题项目表
1．个人情况（Personal information）
2．家庭、朋友与周围的人（Family，friends and people around）
3．周围的环境（Personal environments）
4．日常活动（Daily routines）
5．学校生活（School life）
6．兴趣与爱好（Interests and hobbies）
7．个人感情（Emotions）
8．人际关系（Interpersonal relationships）
9．计划与愿望（Plans and intentions）
10．节假日活动（Festivals，holidays and celebrations）
11．购物（Shopping）
12．饮食（Food and drink）
13．健康（Health）
14．天气（Weather）
15．文娱与体育（Entertainment and sports）
16．旅游和交通（Travel and transport）
17．语言学习（Language learning）
18．自然（Nature）
19．世界与环境（The world and the environment）
20．科普知识与现代技术（Popular science and modern technology）
21．热点话题（Topical issues）
22．历史与地理（History and geography）
23．社会（Society）
24．文学与艺术（Literature and art）
